"Lec 23 - l Niño" The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140) The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the primary mode of variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. It is composed of two extreme states, El Niño and La Niña. The oscillation between these states can be seen in measurements of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure, thermocline depth, and easterly trade wind strength. Changes in SST and pressure lead to shifting of convective activity across the equatorial Pacific. Changes in the strength of the easterly trade winds lead to changes in the depth of the thermocline, which affect coastal upwelling offshore of South America. If upwelling is reduced, primary productivity is also reduced. The effect of ENSO on atmospheric convection and coastal upwelling makes it an important factor for both agriculture and fishing industries. 00:00 - Chapter 1. El Niño and La Niña 10:08 - Chapter 2. Terminology 11:33 - Chapter 3. Symptoms of El Niño 18:54 - Chapter 4. ENSO Indices and Ocean Water Property 24:40 - Chapter 5. Current ENSO Data 39:45 - Chapter 6. Ice in the Climate System 42:39 - Chapter 7. Physical Properties of Ice Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2011.
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Lec 1 - Introduction to Atmospheres
Lec 2 - Retaining an Atmosphere
Lec 4 - Vertical Structure of the atmosphere; Residence Time
Lec 5 - Earth Systems Analysis (Tank Experiment)
Lec 6 - Greenhouse Effect, Habitability
Lec 9 - Water in the Atmosphere I
Lec 10 - Water in the Atmosphere II
Lec 11 - Clouds and Precipitation (cloud chamber experiment)
Lec 12 - Circulation of the Atmosphere (Exam I review)
Lec 13 - Global Climate and the Coriolis Force
Lec 14 - Coriolis Force and Storms
Lec 18 - Seasons and Climate Classification
Lec 19 - Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties
Lec 20 - Ocean Water Density and Atmospheric Forcing
Lec 22 - Ocean Currents and Productivity
Lec 24 - Ice in the Climate System
Lec 25 - Ice and climate change
Lec 26 - Isotope Evidence for Climate Change
Lec 28 - Global Warming (continued)
Lec 29 - Global Warming (continued)
Lec 30 - Climate Sensitivity and Human Population
Lec 31 - The Two Ozone Problems