"Lec 21 - Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler (1805-1832)" Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125) The most prominent chemist in the generation following Lavoisier was Berzelius in Sweden. Together with Gay-Lussac in Paris and Davy in London, he discovered new elements, and improved atomic weights and combustion analysis for organic compounds. Invention of electrolysis led not only to new elements but also to the theory of dualism, with elements being held together by electrostatic attraction. Wöhler's report on the synthesis of urea revealed isomerism but also persistent naiveté about treating quantitative data. In their collaborative investigation of oil of bitter almonds Wöhler and Liebig extended dualism to organic chemistry via the radical theory. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Confusion over Silicon Chloride: Discussion on Atomic Weights and Equivalents 06:06 - Chapter 2. Combustion Analysis and the Beginnings of Electrolysis 15:56 - Chapter 3. Dualism: An Organizing Principle 23:07 - Chapter 4. The Honest Experimenter and the Persistent Naivety on Quantitative Data 29:18 - Chapter 5. Ammonium Cyanate, Urea, and the Idea of Isomerism 38:31 - Chapter 6. Wohler, Liebig, and Transmission of Dualism via the Radical Theory Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
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Channels: Chemistry (General)
Tags: Electrolysis five-bulb apparatus Dualism Potassium chlorate Urea Wöhler Dr. Prout
Uploaded by: yalefreshorganic ( Send Message ) on 05-09-2012.
Duration: 49m 22s
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Lec 2 - Force Laws, Lewis Structures and Resonance
Lec 3 - Double Minima, Earnshaw's Theorem and Plum-Puddings
Lec 4 - Coping with Smallness and Scanning Probe Microscopy
Lec 6 - Seeing Bonds by Electron Difference Density
Lec 7 - Quantum Mechanical Kinetic Energy
Lec 8 - One-Dimensional Wave Functions
Lec 9 - Chladni Figures and One-Electron Atoms
Lec 10 - Reality and the Orbital Approximation
Lec 11 - Orbital Correction and Plum-Pudding Molecules
Lec 12 - Overlap and Atom-Pair Bonds
Lec 13 - Overlap and Energy-Match
Lec 14 - Checking Hybridization Theory with XH_3
Lec 15 - Chemical Reactivity: SOMO, HOMO, and LUMO
Lec 16 - Recognizing Functional Groups
Lec 17 - Reaction Analogies and Carbonyl Reactivity
Lec 18 - Amide, Carboxylic Acid and Alkyl Lithium
Lec 19 - Oxygen and the Chemical Revolution (Beginning to 1789)
Lec 20 - Rise of the Atomic Theory (1790-1805)
Lec 22 - Radical and Type Theories (1832-1850)
Lec 23 - Valence Theory and Constitutional Structure (1858)
Lec 24 - Determining Chemical Structure by Isomer Counting (1869)
Lec 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers
Lec 26 - Van't Hoff's Tetrahedral Carbon and Chirality
Lec 27 - Communicating Molecular Structure in Diagrams and Words
Lec 28 - Stereochemical Nomenclature; Racemization and Resolution
Lec 29 - Preparing Single Enantiomers and the Mechanism of Optical Rotation
Lec 30 - Esomeprazole as an Example of Drug Testing and Usage
Lec 31 - Preparing Single Enantiomers and Conformational Energy
Lec 32 - Stereotopicity and Baeyer Strain Theory
Lec 33 - Conformational Energy and Molecular Mechanics
Lec 34 - Sharpless Oxidation Catalysts and the Conformation of Cycloalkanes
Lec 35 - Understanding Molecular Structure and Energy through Standard Bonds
Lec 36 - Bond Energies, the Boltzmann Factor and Entropy
Lec Last - Potential Energy Surfaces, Transition State Theory and Reaction Mechanism