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Lec 3 - Double Minima, Earnshaw's Theorem and Plum-Puddings

"Lec 3 - Double Minima, Earnshaw's Theorem and Plum-Puddings" Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125) Continuing the discussion of Lewis structures and chemical forces from the previous lecture, Professor McBride introduces the double-well potential of the ozone molecule and its structural equilibrium. The inability for inverse-square force laws to account for stable arrangements of charged particles is prescribed by Earnshaw's Theorem, which may be visualized by means of lines of force. J.J. Thomson circumvented Earnshaw's prohibition on structure by postulating a "plum-pudding" atom. When Rutherford showed that the nucleus was a point, Thomson had to conclude that Coulomb's law was invalid at small distances. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Distinguishing Equilibrium and Resonance 06:37 - Chapter 2. The Structure and Surface Potential of Ozone 20:57 - Chapter 3. Visualizing Electrostatic Force: Earnshaw's Theorem 35:07 - Chapter 4. J. J. Thomson's Plum Pudding Model Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2008.

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Lecture list for this course

Lec 1 - How Do You Know?

Lec 2 - Force Laws, Lewis Structures and Resonance

Lec 4 - Coping with Smallness and Scanning Probe Microscopy

Lec 5 - X-Ray Diffraction

Lec 6 - Seeing Bonds by Electron Difference Density

Lec 7 - Quantum Mechanical Kinetic Energy

Lec 8 - One-Dimensional Wave Functions

Lec 9 - Chladni Figures and One-Electron Atoms

Lec 10 - Reality and the Orbital Approximation

Lec 11 - Orbital Correction and Plum-Pudding Molecules

Lec 12 - Overlap and Atom-Pair Bonds

Lec 13 - Overlap and Energy-Match

Lec 14 - Checking Hybridization Theory with XH_3

Lec 15 - Chemical Reactivity: SOMO, HOMO, and LUMO

Lec 16 - Recognizing Functional Groups

Lec 17 - Reaction Analogies and Carbonyl Reactivity

Lec 18 - Amide, Carboxylic Acid and Alkyl Lithium

Lec 19 - Oxygen and the Chemical Revolution (Beginning to 1789)

Lec 20 - Rise of the Atomic Theory (1790-1805)

Lec 21 - Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler (1805-1832)

Lec 22 - Radical and Type Theories (1832-1850)

Lec 23 - Valence Theory and Constitutional Structure (1858)

Lec 24 - Determining Chemical Structure by Isomer Counting (1869)

Lec 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers

Lec 26 - Van't Hoff's Tetrahedral Carbon and Chirality

Lec 27 - Communicating Molecular Structure in Diagrams and Words

Lec 28 - Stereochemical Nomenclature; Racemization and Resolution

Lec 29 - Preparing Single Enantiomers and the Mechanism of Optical Rotation

Lec 30 - Esomeprazole as an Example of Drug Testing and Usage

Lec 31 - Preparing Single Enantiomers and Conformational Energy

Lec 32 - Stereotopicity and Baeyer Strain Theory

Lec 33 - Conformational Energy and Molecular Mechanics

Lec 34 - Sharpless Oxidation Catalysts and the Conformation of Cycloalkanes

Lec 35 - Understanding Molecular Structure and Energy through Standard Bonds

Lec 36 - Bond Energies, the Boltzmann Factor and Entropy

Lec Last - Potential Energy Surfaces, Transition State Theory and Reaction Mechanism