Assembly of immature HIV-1 particles
a dynamic tree dimensonal visualization of a caspid protein lattice structure that forms during assembly of immature HIV-1 particles.
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hiv
Added: January 5, 2008, 4:46 pm
Runtime: 213.58 | Views: 5945 |
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Mechanism of T7 Primase Helicase
The primase/helicase from the T7 bacteriophage is required for unwinding duplex DNA and the production of short RNA primers called Okazaki fragments during DNA replication. The RNA primers are synthesized in the primase domain of the molecule via a two metal-ion mechanism of catalysis that is facilitated by the zinc-binding domain. During primer synthesis the zinc-binding domain closes over the active site of the primase domain.
The helicase domain unwinds DNA by shuttling the 3'-end of the duplex DNA away from the molecule by pulling the 5'-strand through the enzyme. The mechanism of unwinding is facilitated by DNA binding loops present in the helicase domain. This movie is based on the X-ray crystal structure of the primase and helicase domains. Zinc binding domains have been modeled in.
The first half of the animation highlights the possible mechanism of DNA unwinding by the helicase domain. The motion of each domain has been inferred from the crystal structure. The second portion of the movie highlights the mechanism of RNA primer synthesis by the primase/zinc binding domain. Synthesis of short RNA primers of a defined sequence (5'-ACCC-3') are utilized by the replicative polymerases during lagging strand DNA synthesis. Finally, the new primer/template is presented to the replication machinery by the zinc binding domain.
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primase
Added: January 5, 2008, 4:50 pm
Runtime: 114.00 | Views: 28029 |
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Prions
This is a short pre-visualization for an animation describing how prions (small protein molecules implicated in mad cow disease and Alzheimer's) are believed to function in diseases of the brain.
Of particular interest is the combination of computer generated (CG) elements that mix photorealism, animation and special effects to introduce the viewer to the heirarchy of components of the human brain. This pre-visualization ends prior to the introduction of the prion, and its putative mode of action in disease onset (namely plaque formation).
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prion
Added: January 5, 2008, 4:51 pm
Runtime: 36.00 | Views: 16359 |
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Human Eye
This sequence is a pre-visualization completed for a documentary currently in production. The documentary, to air on local television, will focus on the processes of the human eye important for sensory regulation.
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eye
Added: January 5, 2008, 4:54 pm
Runtime: 19.00 | Views: 8435 |
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Anthrax: Toxin Delivery
Bacillus anthracis is the bacteria responsible for the disease anthrax. Anthrax has recently received a large amount of attention as a possible biological weapon. As a result of recent events, there is a renewed interest in understanding the mechanism of disease caused by Bacillus anthracis infection.
Anthrax: Toxin Delivery highlights the steps of anthrax toxin delivery into the cell. The process begins with binding of protective antigens (PA) from Bacillus anthracis to the anthrax toxin receptor (ATR). ATR is a type-I membrane protein. Following binding of PA to ATR, PA is cleaved by a cellular protease to produce the active form of PA. In this form, PA is able to multimerize into a heptamer. As a heptamer, PA is capable of binding the edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF).
Upon binding of EF and LF to the PA/ATR complex, endocytosis causing the toxins to translocate into the cell via intracellular vesicle formation. The PA heptamer inserts into the vesicle membrane following a reduction in pH, opening a pore to the cytoplasm. The EF and LF toxins translocate across the membrane where they disrupt intracellular processes by various mechanisms.
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anthrax
Added: January 5, 2008, 4:55 pm
Runtime: 118.00 | Views: 8729 |
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